Uhlahlelo lwemingeni yokuGqithisela koBubushushu kuPhakamileyo{0}}Ioyile yeViscosity kunye nezicelo zeSpiral Plate zokuTshintsha ubushushu kwiShishini leOli yePalm.

Ioyile yesundu yayivela e-Afrika kwaye yaqala ukusetyenziswa njengesityalo se-oyile etyiwayo ngabantu balapha. Ngexesha lobukoloniyali, yaziswa eMalaysia nase Indonesia ukuze kulinywe-kakhulu. Ngeemeko zemozulu ezifanelekileyo kunye nophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwemizi-mveliso, uMzantsi-mpuma weAsia ngokuthe ngcembe uye waba ngowona mmandla wemveliso weoli yesundu.

Namhlanje, i-oyile yesundu yehlabathi igxininiswe kakhulu, kunye ne-Indonesia njengomvelisi omkhulu kunye neMalaysia njengeyesibini ngobukhulu. Xa zidibene, zibalelwa malunga ne-85% yobonelelo lwehlabathi. Ngenxa yoko, ishishini leoli yesundu liye laba lelinye lawona macandelo aqhelekileyo esicelo kumashishini atshintshiselana ngobushushu kushishino oluphezulu- lwe-viscosity oil.

Ikhonkco lexabiso leoli yesundu libandakanya ukutyalwa, ukugaya (ukukhutshwa kweoli), ukucocwa, ukuhlukaniswa, kunye nokuveliswa kwe-biodiesel.

Nangona kunjalo, abatshintshi bobushushu basetyenziswa ikakhulu kwizigaba zokucwangcisa. Imisebenzi yokutyala ibandakanya phantse akukho zinkqubo zokutshintshiselana kobushushu, ngelixa kwiindawo zokusila ioli yesundu, abatshintshisi bobushushu basetyenziswa kakhulu ekubulaleni inzala, ukucaciswa kweoyile kunye neenkqubo zokupholisa.

Ezi zicelo zibandakanya ukufudumeza komphunga kunye neenkqubo zokupholisa amanzi, kodwa umthwalo wobushushu kunye nobunzima benkqubo bulinganiselwe.

Ngokuchaseneyo, iindawo zokuhluza ioli yesundu zimele obona bushushu-abatshintshiselana{1}}necandelo elimandla kushishino lonke. Zibandakanya iinkqubo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ezifana nokufudumeza kwe-oyile ekrwada, ukubuyiswa kobushushu, -ukupholisa kwe-oyile yobushushu obuphezulu, kunye neenkqubo zokufunxa ubushushu. Ngexesha elifanayo, iinkqubo eziphambili zokucoca zibandakanya i-degumming, neutralization (i-deacidification), i-bleaching, kunye ne-deodorization.

Ngalinye kwezi nqanaba lifuna ulawulo oluchanekileyo lobushushu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kakhulu kokudluliselwa kobushushu. Ngokukodwa, inkqubo yokukhupha ivumba isebenza phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu kunye neemeko zevacuum, ibeka iimfuno eziphezulu kakhulu kuzinzo lwesitshintshisi sobushushu,-ukusebenza kakubi, kunye{2}}nokuthembeka kokusebenza kwexesha elide.

Ukwahlulwa lelinye inqanaba lobushushu obuphezulu{0}}olunzulu, ikakhulu lusetyenziselwa ukulawula ubushushu obukhazimlayo kunye nokunyibilika kweoli yesundu. Le nkqubo ibandakanya iinguqu zesigaba eziphezulu{2}}ze-oyile ze-viscosity kwaye ifuna ubushushu obugqwesileyo obusemagqabini kunye{3}}nokuthintela ukusebenza.

Ngokwembono yepropathi yolwelo, ioyile yesundu kunye nezinto eziphuma kuyo (ezifana ne-RBD Palm Oil) zibonisa umgangatho wokuziphatha{0}}we-viscosity ephezulu, ngakumbi kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi apho i-viscosity inyuka kakhulu. Ukongeza, ubukho bewax, ukungcola, kunye namasuntswana aqinileyo okanye iintsalela zefibrous zenza nzima ngakumbi ukuhanjiswa kobushushu.

Ezi mpawu zihlala zikhokelela ekuziphatheni kakubi, ukuvaleka, kunye nokuziphatha okungazinzanga. Kwimisebenzi yokwenyani, imiba eqhelekileyo ibandakanya ukunyuka koxinzelelo, ukunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokuhanjiswa kobushushu, imijikelo yokucoca rhoqo, kunye nokuvalwa okungacwangciswanga.

Ke ngoko, kwiinkqubo zokusulungekiswa kweoyile yesundu kunye nezahlulo, abatshintshisi bobushushu abapheleli nje kwisixhobo sokuhambisa i-thermal kodwa kunye neyona nto ibalulekileyo echaphazela ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngokubanzi kunye nokuzinza kokusebenza.

Kuphezulu{{0}i-viscosity kunye ne-fouling{1}}eqhelene neemeko zokusebenza, i-spiral plate exchanger heat exchangers ibonisa iingenelo ezibalulekileyo kushishino lweoli yesundu. Ulwakhiwo lwazo olungundoqo luyilo oluqhubekayo-lomjelo wokuqukuqela ojikelezayo omnye, apho ulwelo luhamba ngokuqhubekayo kwindlela ejikelezayo ngaphakathi kwesixhobo.

Oku kuphelisa iindawo ezifileyo eziqhele ukufunyanwa kwiqokobhe lemveli{0}}kunye{1}}nezifudumezi zobushushu ityhubhu, ukuthintela ukunyibilika kwamasuntswana. Ngeli xesha, ijelo elijikelezayo libangela ukuba kubekho ukuqukuqela okuqhubekayo kunye nesiphithiphithi, senza "impembelelo{3}}yokubhobhoza" ehlala icoca umphezulu wokudlulisa ubushushu, inciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ukubunjwa kobugwenxa kunye nokwandisa kakhulu imijikelo yokusebenza ngelixa iphucula ukusebenza{4}kwexesha elide lobushushu.

Ukongeza, izitshintshi zobushushu kwipleyiti ejiyileyo zibonelela ngoyilo olubambeneyo olunokuhanjiswa kobushushu okuphezulu, kwaye ukusebenza kwazo kukonke kuphakamile kuneqokobhe eliqhelekileyo-kunye{1}}nezitshintshi zetyhubhu xa ziphethe{2}}imidiya ye-viscosity.

Izitshintshi zobushushu zepleyiti zanamhlanje ezijikelezayo zinokuyilwa njengezakhiwo ezinokuqhawuka. Ngexesha lolungiso, imijelo yokuhamba ingavulwa ngokupheleleyo ukuze icocwe ngaphakathi, ixhase zombini-uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwejethi yokucoca ijethi yamanzi kunye nebrashi ngoomatshini.

Iimeko zokungcola kwangaphakathi zinokujongwa ngokubonakalayo, zithintele{0}}ukwakhiwa kobumdaka bexesha elide obunokuthi ngenye indlela ithobe ukuhanjiswa kobushushu. Olu phawu lubaluleke kakhulu kwiindawo zokuhluza ioli yesundu, esebenza njengeenkqubo eziqhubekayo zokuvelisa apho ixesha lokuphumla lixabisa kakhulu. Ngoko ke, ukugcinwa ngokuthe ngqo kumisela uqoqosho olusebenzayo ngokubanzi.

Ngokubhekiselele kukhuphiswano lwentengiso yehlabathi, abona badlali baphambili kushishino lokutshintsha ubushushu kuMzantsi-mpuma weAsia nakwihlabathi liphela babandakanya iAlfa Laval kunye neHisaka Works, kunye nezinye iibrendi ezisekiweyo zamazwe ngamazwe. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, abavelisi bokutshintsha ubushushu baseTshayina benze inkqubela phambili enkulu kumava obunjineli kunye nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji. Ngokukodwa, baye baphuhlisa izakhono ezomeleleyo zokuphatha{2}}imidiya ye-viscosity ephezulu,-ulwakhiwo oluchasene noyilo, kunye nokwandisa iindleko.

Iibrendi zamaTshayina ezimelwe yi-UKADA ziqokelele malunga neminyaka engama-40 yamava obunjineli, zafumana{1}}usetyenziso olukhulu kumacandelo emizi-mveliso amaninzi, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe ziyanda kwimakethi yeoli yesundu ekuMzantsi-mpuma Asia. Banikezela ngeenzuzo zokukhuphisana kuzo zombini ulwakhiwo lweendleko kunye nexesha lokukhokela lokuhambisa ngelixa kugcinwa ukusebenza kwezixhobo ezinamandla.

Phakathi kwazo, i-brand yaseTshayina yase-UKADA sele imisele isabelo esibalulekileyo semakethi e-China, ngakumbi kwi-bio{0}}ye-fermentation kunye nezicelo ezintsonkothileyo zokudlulisa ubushushu. Inamava obunjineli abanzi ekusombululeni imingeni yokhutshelo lobushushu equka{2}}i-viscosity ephezulu, engcoliseke kakhulu, kunye nemeko engalunganga{3}}eqhelekile. Ukongeza, i-UKADA iseke amaqela azinikeleyo obugcisa kunye nenkonzo kwiimarike zaphesheya ukuze kuphuculwe isantya sokuphendula kunye nomgangatho wenkonzo, iqinisekisa ukuphela-ukuphelisa{6}}inkxaso yoyilo kunye nokhetho ukuya ekusebenzeni nasekugcinweni. Oku kwenza ukuba abathengi banciphise ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, ukunciphisa ixesha lokuphumla, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle ngokubanzi ngokusebenzisa izisombululo ezithembekileyo zokudlulisa ubushushu.

Ukususela kumbono wokubuyisela utyalo-mali, kwindawo yokucoca ioli yesundu eqhelekileyo, ukuba inkqubo yokufudumala yokufudumala ifezekisa ukugcinwa kwe-steam ye-1 ton ngeyure, kunye neeyure zokusebenza ze-8,000 ngonyaka kunye neendleko ze-steam ye-30 USD ngetoni nganye, ukugcinwa konyaka kunokufikelela malunga ne-240,000 USD. Ukongeza, ukucutha intlonti kunye nexesha lokungasebenzi liyancipha ngakumbi ulondolozo kunye nelahleko yemveliso.

Ke ngoko, ixesha lokuhlawula eliqhelekileyo lohlaziyo luhlala luphakathi kweminyaka emi-1 ukuya kwemi-2, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibenomtsalane kakhulu ngokwezoqoqosho kumaziko emveliso aqhubekayo.

Lilonke, ishishini leoli yesundu, njengecandelo eliphezulu{0}}lokwenza i-oyile ye-viscosity ephezulu, libeka iimfuno ezingqongqo kutshintshiselwano lobushushu malunga{1}}nesakhono esichasayo, uzinzo lokusebenza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla. Izitshintshi zobushushu kwipleyiti eSpiral, kunye noyilo olulodwa lomjelo wokuqukuqela,{3}}iimpawu zokuzicoca, kunye nokugcinwa okuqinileyo, ziya zisanda ukuba sisisombululo esithandwayo ekusulungekiseni nasekuhlukaniseni iinkqubo.

Kwangaxeshanye, inkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji eqhubekayo ngabavelisi baseTshayina iqhuba utshintsho oluqhubekayo kumhlaba wokhuphiswano lwehlabathi.