Iqokobhe kunye netyhubhu yokutshintshiselana kobushushu (STHE), esinye sezona zixhobo zisetyenziswa kakhulu kutshintshiselwano lobushushu kwizicelo zemizi-mveliso, zineendlela ezimbini-zobume bokuhamba obuyilelwe omabini "icala leqokobhe" (apho ulwelo luhamba phakathi kweqokobhe kunye netyhubhu) kunye "necala letyhubhu" (apho ulwelo luhamba ngaphakathi kwetyhubhu). Ngelixa iingenelo zayo eziphambili zilele kuzinzo, ukuguquguquka, kunye nokuthembeka, imida ethile ikhona ngenxa yeempawu zesakhiwo. Olu hlalutyo luya kuphonononga la mandla kunye nobuthathaka ngokweenkcukacha, kunye neemeko ezithile zesicelo ezibonisa imida yazo yokusebenza:
Iingenelo ezingundoqo: Ifanelekile kwiimeko ezinzima zoshishino, ukuthembeka okuqinileyo
Izinto eziluncedo zeqokobhe kunye nobushushu betyhubhu ngenxa yoyilo oluluqilima lolwakhiwo kunye nenkqubo yokuvelisa eqolileyo, ngakumbi ilungele uxinzelelo oluphezulu, ubushushu obuphezulu, ukuhamba okukhulu kunye nezinye iimeko zokusebenza ezinzima, ezinokushwankathelwa njengamanqaku ama-5:
1. Uxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nokunyamezela ukushisa okuphezulu, ukuzinza kwesakhiwo
Iqokobhe ityhubhu uhlobo iqokobhe (ngokuqhelekileyo carbon steel, stainless steel okanye ingxubevange ityhubhu) kunye ityhubhu exchange ubushushu (njengombhobho intsimbi engenamthungo, umbhobho intsimbi stainless) ziyilwe ngodonga olungqingqwa, olunokumelana noxinzelelo oluphezulu yokusebenza (ukuya ngaphezulu kwe 30MPa) kunye noluhlu olubanzi lobushushu (-200℃~ 1000℃), kwaye akukho lula ukukhubaza ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwe-fluctuation.
Ngokomzekelo, kwintsimi ye-petrochemical industry, i-shell kunye ne-tube exchanger heat exchangers esetyenziswa kwiiyunithi eziqhekezayo ezinokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu ngaphezu kwe-400℃kunye noxinzelelo olungaphezulu kwe-10MPa ixesha elide, kwaye izinga lokungaphumeleli komsebenzi liphantsi kunezinye iintlobo zokutshintsha ubushushu (ezifana ne-plate heat exchangers).
2. Ukuqukuqela okukhulu kokusebenza, okufanelekileyo kwimfuno yesikali soshishino
I-tube bundle inokuyilwa njenge "multi{0}}inkqubo yetyhubhu" (efana ne-2-process, 4-process), kunye nenkqubo yeqokobhe inokwandisa ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi ngokusebenzisa iipleyiti ze-baffle. Ummandla wokutshintshwa kobushushu besixhobo esisodwa unokufikelela kumawaka eemitha zesikwere, ezinokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokufuduswa kobushushu bomthamo omkhulu wokuhamba kwamanzi (njenge-condenser kwiplanti yamandla kunye nokupholisa ukutshintshwa kobushushu bamanzi kwinkqubo enkulu yefriji).
Uthelekiso: umtshintshisi wobushushu wepleyiti ukhawulelwe yindawo yepleyiti, eyona ndawo iphezulu yokutshintshiselana kobushushu kwiyunithi enye ihlala ingekho ngaphezulu kwe-1000㎡, ngelixa iqokobhe kunye netyhubhu zinokugqobhoza ngokulula kwi-5000㎡, efanelekileyo ngakumbi kwimiba yemizi-mveliso emikhulu{2}}njengomzi mveliso weekhemikhali kunye namandla ombane.
3. Ukuguquguquka kwe-fluid kubanzi, kuyahambelana nemidiya enzima
Ingasetyenziselwa ukuphatha i-viscosity ephezulu, umlinganiselo omncinci wamasuntswana kunye nokulula ukukala ulwelo (kufuneka zidityaniswe noyilo olukhethekileyo, olufana netyhubhu enkulu yokutshintsha ubushushu,-i-clogging baffle):
Ulwelo lwe-viscous (njenge-oyile ekrwada, i-oyile yokuthambisa), iqokobhe elisecaleni lingaqhekeza umaleko womda wolwelo kunye nokunciphisa ukugcinwa;
Ngolwelo oluqulethe inani elincinci leengqungquthela eziqinileyo (ezifana ne-pulp, amanzi amdaka), unokukhetha umbhobho onqabileyo we-φ25mm okanye ngaphezulu ukuphepha ukuvala;
I-plate heat exchanger kulula ukuba ivalwe ngamasuntswana okanye i-viscous fluids ngenxa yesithuba esincinci phakathi kwamacwecwe (ngokuqhelekileyo i-2 ~ 5mm), kwaye ukulungelelaniswa kwayo kuphantsi kakhulu kuneqokobhe kunye ne-tube.
4. Ixabiso eliphantsi lokugcinwa kunye nokugcinwa lula
Uninzi lweqokobhe kunye nobushushu betyhubhu (ezifana nohlobo lwentloko edadayo, U{0}}uhlobo lwetyhubhu) lunokutsalwa ngokupheleleyo, ukuze ityhubhu kunye neqokobhe zicocwe ngoomatshini (njengokucoca ijethi yamanzi{1}noxinzelelo oluphezulu) okanye endaweni yeityhubhu zokutshintsha ubushushu ezonakalisiweyo, ngaphandle kokuqhawula isixhobo sonke;
Umzekelo, into epholileyo yeshishini lemichiza igcinwa rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezintandathu. I-tube yegobolondo edadayo ifuna kuphela iintsuku ezi-1-2 ukugqiba ukutsalwa kwe-tube bundle, ukucocwa kunye nokusetha kwakhona, ngelixa i-plate exchanger heat exchanger idinga ukukhupha amakhulu eepleyiti, kwaye umjikelo wolondolozo ukuya kwiintsuku ezi-3-5.
5. Inkqubo yokwenziwa kwabantu abadala kunye neendleko ezilawulekayo
Amacandelo angundoqo egobolondo kunye ne-tube (igobolondo, i-tube bundle, i-tube sheet) i-standard standardized processing, akukho mfuneko ye-molds eyinkimbinkimbi, kunye nokukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo kuguquguqukayo (i-carbon steel, insimbi engenasici, i-titanium alloy, njl.), ngokweemeko zokusebenza ukufanisa eyona ndleko {1} isicwangciso esisebenzayo;
Uthelekiso: i-compact heat exchangers (efana ne-spiral plate, i-shell shell) idla ngokuba yi-20% ~ 50% ephezulu kwindleko yokuvelisa kuneqokobhe kunye ne-tube yokutshintshiselana kobushushu kunye nommandla ofanayo wokudlulisa ubushushu ngenxa yesakhiwo sabo esiyinkimbinkimbi kunye neqondo eliphezulu lokwenza ngokwezifiso.
Izinto ezingeloncedo kakhulu: ukusebenza kakuhle okulinganiselweyo kunye nokuhlala kwendawo, kunye neemeko zokuziqhelanisa nemida
Ukungalungi kweqokobhe kunye netyhubhu kungenxa yeempawu "ezingeyo{0}}yokuqukuqela okufanayo kolwelo lweqokobhe" kunye "nolwakhiwo olukhululekileyo", oluneziphene ezicacileyo kwiimeko ezineemfuno eziphezulu zokuhambisa ubushushu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwendawo. Ngokukodwa, inokushwankathelwa njengamanqaku ama-4:
1. Ukuhanjiswa kobushushu obuphantsi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu
Ulwelo olukwicala leqokobhe luvalwe yi-baffle, ekulula ukwenza "indawo efileyo" (indawo yogcino lolwelo), kwaye izinga lokuhamba lihlala lingaphantsi kwelo lecala letyhubhu (ngokubanzi yi-0.5 ~ 2m/s), okukhokelela ekugqithiseni ubushushu obuphantsi komlinganiso wecala leqokobhe (xa amanzi{2}}utshintshiselwano lobushushu bamanzi, i-coefficient yokudluliselwa kobushushu iyonke i-coefficient yokudluliselwa kobushushu/~000/~00000m²0000m²0000m²0)
Uthelekiso: umtshintshi wobushushu beplate kuba ulwelo phakathi kweepleyiti lunesiphithiphithi (isantya sokuhamba 1 ~ 3m/s), i-coefficient yokuhambisa ubushushu iyonke inokufikelela kwi-3000 ~ 6000 W/(m²· degree), phantsi kwemfuno efanayo yokutshintshiselana kobushushu, iqokobhe kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla ityhubhu yi-15% ~ 30% ngaphezulu kwepleyiti.
2. Ubungakanani obukhulu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwendawo ephantsi
Ngenxa ye-coefficient yokutshintshwa kobushushu obuphantsi, ukuze kufezekiswe umphumo ofanayo wokutshintshiselana kobushushu, igobolondo kunye netyhubhu idinga indawo enkulu yokutshintshiselana kobushushu, okubangelwa umthamo wezixhobo kunye nobunzima obukhulu kakhulu kunomtshintshi wokushisa odibeneyo;
Umzekelo, ukuphumeza umthwalo wokudlulisa ubushushu obuyi-1000kW, umthamo weqokobhe kunye netyhubhu malunga ne-20~30m³, ngelixa ipleyiti ifuna kuphela i-5~8m³, ngoko ke iqokobhe kunye netyhubhu ayifanelekanga kwimiba enyiniweyo yendawo (efana negumbi lokucoca amayeza, inkqubo yokutshintshiselana kobushushu).
3. Ukucoca i-shell kunzima kwaye kulula ukunyusa ukusebenza
Nangona i-tube bundle inokukhutshwa, kunzima ukucoca ngokupheleleyo ingaphakathi legobolondo (ingakumbi ikhefu phakathi kwe-baffle kunye negobolondo, kunye nesithuba esincinci phakathi kweebhubhu). Ukuba ulwelo olulula ukukala (njengamanzi alukhuni kunye nokungacoceki{1}}okuqulathe ulwelo lwenkqubo) kuyasetyenzwa, umaleko wokulinganisa kwiqokobhe uya kuba ngqindilili kwaye ukuhanjiswa kobushushu kuya kuncipha (ubuchule bokuhambisa ubushushu buya kuncipha nge-10% ~ 15% kwi-1mm nganye yokwanda kobukhulu bokulinganisa);
Uthelekiso: zonke-ipleyiti edityanisiweyo yokutshintsha ubushushu ayinakufezekisa ukucocwa kwendawo efileyo kwiqokobhe ngokusebenzisa inkqubo ye-CIP (ukucoca kwi-intanethi), kwaye ingxaki yokukala ingaphantsi kakhulu kunohlobo lwetyhubhu yeqokobhe.
4. Umthamo wembuyekezo ye-thermal encinci kunye noluhlu olusebenzayo lomahluko wobushushu
Kwigobolondo ye-tube esisigxina kunye nohlobo lwe-tube (uhlobo olulula kakhulu lwesakhiwo), iphepha lombhobho lixhunywe ngokungqongqo kwigobolondo. Ukuba iqondo lokushisa phakathi kokuhamba kwetyhubhu kunye nokuhamba kwegobolondo kukhulu kakhulu (ezifana nangaphezulu kwe-50 degree), iqokobhe letyhubhu liya kuvelisa uxinzelelo lwe-thermal ngenxa ye-coefficients yokwandiswa kwe-thermal eyahlukeneyo, enokuthi ikhokelele kwi-deformation ye-tube sheet okanye ukuvuza kwetyhubhu yokutshintshiselana kobushushu, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukufakela "i-joint yokwandisa" ukuze uhlawule;
Nangona uhlobo lwentloko edadayo kunye ne-U- uhlobo lwe-tube lunokusombulula ingxaki yembuyekezo ye-thermal, isakhiwo sinzima ngakumbi (indleko inyuka nge-15% ~ 20%), kwaye ukucocwa kwekhosi yetyhubhu ye-U- yohlobo lwetyhubhu kunzima (icala langaphakathi le-U{4}} alinakuchukunyiswa).
Isishwankathelo: Iimeko ezisebenzayo zimisela ukhetho
Igobolondo kunye netyhubhu yokutshintshiselana kobushushu ayisiyiyo "zonke-izixhobo zenjongo", ukhetho lwayo kufuneka zidityaniswe nokubaluleka kweemeko zokusebenza:
● Iimeko zokukhetha ngokubaluleka:uxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nobushushu obuphezulu (njengokutshintshana kobushushu be-petrochemical reaction), ukuhamba okukhulu (okufana ne-condenser yeplanti yamandla), i-particle / viscosity fluid (efana nokupholisa i-pulp), iimeko zoshishino ezineemfuno eziphezulu zokulungiswa;
● Khetha umboniso ngononophelo:indawo elinganiselweyo (efana neworkshop ecocekileyo), iimfuno zokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi (ezifana nokufudumeza umphakathi), kulula ukukala kunye nokucoca rhoqo (njengokutya kunye nesiselo esibulalayo) izigcawu (ipleyiti ekhuthazwayo ngakumbi, ipleyiti ejikelezayo kunye nezinye izitshintshi zobushushu ezihlangeneyo).
Ngamafutshane, iqokobhe kunye nezitshintshi zobushushu ityhubhu "ngabadlali abathembekileyo" kwintsimi yoshishino kwaye ayinakuphinda ithathelwe indawo kwiimeko ezintsonkothileyo nezingqwabalala zokusebenza, kodwa kufuneka zinike indlela yezixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokutshintshiselana kobushushu ekusukeleni ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokubumbana.
Iifayile ezishisayo: umgangatho olungileyo kabini ityhubhu sheet exchanger ubushushu, China umgangatho olungileyo kabini ityhubhu sheet sheet exchanger abavelisi, ababoneleli, umzi-mveliso
